Introduction to Progesterone – Part 1

Progesterone Review. Progesterone is now regarded as so breast protective that there’s a scientific call to add it to breast cancer medications like Tamoxifen! It promotes brain and sleep health in both men and women and works with Vitamin D to reduce inflammation in the nervous system and brain. –Dr. D.L.Berkson

Part 1 — Introduction to Progesterone

What is progesterone? Progesterone is a hormone. Its name comes from “pro”— meaning tosupport, and “gest” — meaning gestation. It triggers pregnancy and keeps it going.

Progesterone initiates birth by helping sperm get attracted to, swim towards, and penetrate into the deeper layer of eggs produced by the female. Once pregnant, the soon-to-be mom’s body secretes increasingly high levels of progesterone (up to 400 mg/day) to help “hold” the pregnancy to full term. Thus, progesterone is mostly thought of as a female pregnancy hormone.

But it’s so much more.

Progesterone is a natural anti-inflammatory agent, a brain protector in both sexes of all ages, a natural Ambien, and new science suggests it is so breast protective that some breast cancer survivors should be taking it!

This is an introduction to the expanding job descriptions of progesterone.

It’s bi-gender. Progesterone is present in young boys and girls as well as men and women, occurring in various amounts. Young and middle-aged healthy Venus and Mars bodies, brains, and nervous systems produce progesterone. Why do we all have it? Progesterone wears diverse “hats” to keep us well. As you will learn, this means that natural progesterone therapy can be a useful additional treatment tool for many conditions.

Brain and nervous system. Progesterone protects your brain. Progesterone is part of a critical group of endogenous (naturally made) steroids (hormones) called neurosteroids. Neurosteroids protect brain and nervous system tissues. Progesterone is produced locally right inside the brain and throughout the mass of nerves inside the spinal cord to do just this. Progesterone production inside our brain and entire nervous system, including the one in our gut, happens in boys, girls, men, and women.

Neuroprotective. In the brain, gut and throughout the spinal cord, progesterone is neuroprotective. This means progesterone protects these tissues from damage from excess inflammation, regulates synaptic conversations, lubes neurotransmitters, and even protects outer nerve sheaths called myelin (one reason why progesterone therapy is helpful in some demyelinating diseases).

Progesterone protects brain volume. A healthy brain has an optimal size or volume. Aging shrinks brain volume, especially in the area where we keep memories and our sense of who we are (the hippocampus). Anything that protects brain volume promotes better thinking and loss of it (cognitive decline).

It could be said that progesterone acts like a brain filler in the way some use cosmetic procedures to fill wrinkles in the skin. It’s all about volume.

It’s been shown that in the middle of the month, when a woman produces a surge of progesterone, her hippocampus enlarges in response. Thus, progesterone helps keep memories and sense-of-self alive and kicking, by helping maintain better “hippocampal volume.” “Hippocampal Shrinkage” (loss of volume) occurs right before onset of cognitive decline diseases manifest, such as Lewy Body Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, all clearly linked to less brain volume in this specific brain area.

Adjunctive care for brain disorders. Forward-thinking neurologists, based on a growing body of animal and human research, are using progesterone therapy (referred to as replacement) as adjunctive (additional) care in diverse brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, attention deficit disorder, anger issues (impulsivity control issues, especially in children), to avoid on-going need for medication in epilepsy, and in various PMS complaints, especially “emotional PMS.”

Progesterone therapy is even used to hasten brain recovery after brain injury or stroke. Progesterone does this by reducing cerebral edema, reducing excessive inflammation, and making the flux of minerals in and out of the brain more Zen-like. Both you body and brain adore ZEN.

Not many practitioners yet appreciate that progesterone wears so many protective nervous system “hats.”

Natural anti-inflammatory agent. Progesterone acts as a natural anti-inflammatory agent to keep neuronal tissue operating more naturally. It can be used orally or even intravenously to tamp down inappropriate molecules of inflammation in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, depression, as you will soon learn, even inflammatory bowel disease.

Progesterone helps fight inflammatory infections, such as the physiologic fallout from Lyme disease,Coxsackievirus, and Epstein-Barr Virus. Progesterone especially comes to the anti-inflammatory rescue when combined with vitamin D.

Progesterone and Vitamin D. Numerous studies show that vitamin D and progesterone work in synergy. They “fight” abnormal or dangerously prolonged inflammation, especially in the brain, nervous system, and even the gut wall. Vitamin D deficiency or even insufficiency (you have low normal levels but not enough to protect you) has been demonstrated to cause and worsen progesterone signaling and block the body’s ability to use progesterone, even if it’s in normal levels in the bloodstream.

Vitamin D and progesterone help the immune system “see” cancer cells in the uterus, breast, prostate, and gut wall, so it can then take action to fight them off.

Cutting-edge neurologists use vitamin D added to natural progesterone therapy in cases of chronic infections that attack the nervous system and even in attentional disorders like ADHD or brain disorders like epilepsy.

Progesterone and the gut. Progesterone can be a useful adjunctive (additional) tool for treating some cases of inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerations of the gut lining at any level of the gut (from the esophagus to the small and large intestines).

Why? In essence, the brain and gut are identical twins. Brain and intestinal tissues originally come from the exact same fetal embryonic cells. These cells split in half, with half of the cells going to the brain and the other to the gut. What is good for the brain in our head is also good for our “second brain” in our gut. This means that progesterone replacement can be an extra tool to help heal abnormal inflammation, ulcers, and cell damage in both the brain and the intestinal tract.

Studies show that progesterone acts like a natural anti-acid, soothing the lining of the esophagus and gut. If parietal cells make too much stomach acid, progesterone acts like a natural antacid reversing potential damage.

Progesterone disruptors. Any compounds that block the natural signaling of progesterone are called “anti-progestins”. It’s a little bit confusing as we called natural progesterone by the name progesterone, and synthetic progesterone man-made molecules progestins. But any process or molecules that block progesterone’s right of way are labeled anti-progestins.

We produce less progesterone as we age, so aging is a natural anti-progestin. But modern life is filled with unnatural molecules that can also block healthy progesterone signals and act as synthetic or environmental or toxic anti-progestins. One example is the pain medication family, many found over-the-counter, called NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Many studies show that regular daily use of NSAIDs, like Motrin, is linked to an increased risk of gut inflammation and ulcerations. Why? Motrin is an anti-progestin. It blocks the benefits of progesterone. And especially at the gut lining, as this medication is swallowed so it directly exposes the gut lining.

An Italian study in 2015 demonstrated that just a 10-day course of NSAIDs, taking the amount suggested on the label, reduced progesterone’s signal activity so much that most women in the randomized trial can became infertile. The NSAID acting as an anti-progestin action blocked progesterone signaling so significantly and in such a short period of time.

Many endocrine disruptors in today’s environment, like breakdown products of some insecticides, act as powerful anti-progestins. So the progesterone inside your body is potentially under attack. When seeing a doctor for any hormonal issue it is critical they know how to access if endocrine disruptor is part of your health issue. They should also be educated in protocols that could effectively detoxify falter progesterone hormone pathways by clearing out receptors and supplying the nutrients that make the hormone (ligand) and receptor (receiving protein satellite “station”) more able to function healthfully.

Sleep. Many of us sleep better when we are younger. Why? Younger brains make more progesterone. Progesterone promotes deep restorative sleep by helping the brain achieve healthier “sleep architecture”. This means that progesterone signals inside the brain help achieve stages of sleep, such REM, the stage where much of our healing and repair takes place.

We spend one-third of our lives in sleep. Healthy brain progesterone levels are part of making this huge portion of our lives watch our physiologic backs the rest of our day. As we age, brains make less progesterone. Our adrenal glands, if chronically stressed by emotions or poor dietary choices, may also make less. Thus, there is a tendency with normal aging and with chronic stress, to promote insomnia or create a non-restorative sleep. You sleep but you wake up ass though you hadn’t. But appropriate progesterone therapy (right delivery mode and dosage) helps with this.

Where does progesterone come from?

• Corpus luteum. Progesterone is made in a premenopausal woman in the middle of her menstrual cycle from a burst follicle.
• Fat cellsalso produce progesterone.
• Adrenal glandsmake progesterone. Cholesterol goes into the adrenal glands to supply the building block material to create other hormones. The adrenals take cholesterol and produce progesterone in a conveyor belt process to ultimately make male hormones and the stress hormone cortisol. The more stressed we are, the more progesterone is stolen (called “progesterone steal”) to create cortisol. Then, less progesterone is available to tamp down inflammation and boost brain and sleep health.
• Progesterone is also produced inside the brainsof young males and females to protect brain and sleep health.
• Plant progesterone. Progesterone has been detected in the leaves of the Common Walnut, or English Walnut tree. Five new progesterone-related steroids have been found in plants belonging to the buttercup family. It’s often made in the laboratory from yam, but yam itself does not contain progesterone.
• Progesterone replacement. A modified molecule that is like progesterone but not exactly like it is called a progestin. When the laboratory produces an “exact molecular copy” of human natural progesterone, it is called progesterone.

Progesterone replacement, in both men and women, as well as boys and girls, can be given to treat excessive inflammation and inflammatory diseases, anywhere in the body, especially in issues of neural and gut tissue and also to treat insomnia.

Progesterone replacement can be given to men and boys and girls, but it is usually in a reduced dosage compared to adult women.

Progesterone for these purposes is best given orally. This does not mean that topical delivery does not give benefits. But the best brain, nervous system, gut, and sleep benefits come from oral delivery. Individual cases may vary as to who does better with time release versus fast acting.

Why oral? When progesterone is swallowed, it passes from the stomach first to the liver (this is called the first “hepatic pass”). A progesterone derivative or metabolite is formed in the liver, called allopregnanolone. This neurosteroid has been widely studied. It is the main reason that oral progesterone acts like a natural Ambien and also as an natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Oral progesterone, in the right dosage and delivery system (oral, topical, troche, etc.), promotes anti-inflammatory benefits and deeper healthier sleep. It helps various neurodegenerative diseases and even some cases of depression. It has not been shown to help the optic nerve (an extension of the brain) or the retina.

The sleep protective benefits of progesterone are not accomplished by topical dermal delivery as this avoids the first hepatic pass and the sleep metabolite isn’t produced.

Allopregnanolone is so brain protective it is being looked at as adjunctive care for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Lewy Body dementia, and MS.

Allopregnanolone protects mitochondria. Mitochondria make energy. They are the energy producing organelles inside cells that have a lot to do with overall health, but especially brain health, focus, memory, and motivation. To drive us health ward, we need large enough populations of highly functional mitochondria. In contrast, if our mitochondria are too few or malfunctioning, we become more open to a wide variety of diseases, Healthy mitochondria require progesterone!

Hormone family. Progesterone is a single sex steroid hormone. It is part of the larger sex steroid hormone family. Other members are estrogens, testosterone, oxytocin and more. If any one member of this family is dysfunctional, this can adversely affect progesterone functioning.

This means that you can have normal progesterone levels on any kind of test (blood, urine, saliva) but, for example, if your thyroid is dysfunctional, if your adrenals or estrogens are not healthy, progesterone may not be able to serve you like it should. Test results may appear normal but behind the scenes you are having less brain, sleep, and anti-inflammatory nervous system protection.

Hormones and aging. Our hormones are at their highest peak in our mid-20’s. It’s downhill from there. It is no coincidence that as we age and our sex steroid hormones decline, our brain is slowly becoming vulnerable to dysfunction. Plasticity is being lost. Rigidity is being gained.

Progesterone replacement slows this down if not reverses this a bit as it is clearly linked to helping maintain healthier brain volume.

Progesterone’s bad rap. Progesterone has two forms: the bio-identical form as found in nature and the synthetic form, called progestins. In the synthetic form, molecules have been changed so they can be patented and sold at a profit as a drug.

Progestins are not progesterone. The human body has never seen progestins before. The human body does not respond uniformly to them. These patentable drugs have been linked with many serious side effects, from clots and heart attacks to breast cancer. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI, 2002) was stopped early due to an increased risk of breast cancer in the women on hormone replacement. Numerous later re-analyses clearly showed that these adverse issues were mainly due to the addition of progestins to the estrogen medication. The combination drug used was called Prempro (the progestin was medroxyprogesterone acetate added to horse estrogen Premarin).

The fear generated by the early scary headlines of the WHI study still lingers in the brains of many women and doctors, even though so much has come out to show that synthetic progestins were at fault, and, in fact, estrogen was breast protective (in younger non-obese women).

Alas, too many women remain afraid of hormones. They choose to “age gracefully” without hormone replacement. These misunderstandings mean many miss out on progesterone’s benefits.

Natural bio-identical progesterone is the progesterone with the most benefits. Especially on the breast. Even in breast cancer survivors.